Технологическая карта выращивания tomato в кокосовом субстрате

1. Sowing Seeds for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Substrate preparation. Before sowing, the coconut substrate in the cassettes is soaked with a solution with EC 1.5 mS/cm, pH 5.5-5.7.
* Seed sowing. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 0.5-1 cm. The seeds are covered with a thin layer of vermiculite. After sowing, the cassettes are watered with a solution with EC 2 mS/cm, pH 5.5-5.7 and placed in a sprouting chamber or covered with nonwoven material.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Supplementing the seedlings with light. The first 2-3 days, illumination is round-the-clock. Light power is 240 W/m².

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3. Transplanting and Caring for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:40 дней

* Supplementing the seedlings with light. The duration of lighting until transplanting is 18 hours/day. Light power is 240 W/m².
* Watering. Watering with a nutrient solution is done with an interval of 2 to 3 days.
* Transplanting. Seedlings are transplanted on the 14th day after sowing. The plants are transplanted into pots with coconut substrate previously soaked with a solution with EC 2 mS/cm, pH 5.5-5.7. The optimal pot volume for seedlings is 0.6-1.0 liters. After transplanting, pots are watered with a solution with EC 2.3 mS/cm, pH 5.5-5.7. The duration and power of illumination are 16 hours/day at 240 W/m².
* Arranging seedlings. After 18-20 days post-transplanting, arrange the seedlings to achieve optimal lighting. The density for 5-week old seedlings is 50 plants/m², for 6-week old - 22 plants/m², for 7-week old - 14 plants/m². The duration of lighting is 16 hours/day, light power is 100-120 W/m².

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4. Soaking and Flushing Mats

Длительность этапа:1 день

* Preparing the mat. The preparation of mats starts with soaking them in a solution of calcium nitrate or a standard nutrient solution. After the mats have been soaked for 12 hours, they need to be flushed. Flushing is carried out in doses of 200-250 ml for each dripper once every 20-30 minutes; when flushing the substrate, it is necessary to check the EC level in the mat every 2-3 waterings. Flushing is stopped upon reaching an EC of 2.6-2.8 mS/cm in the mat. For light cultures, concentration parameters increase by 0.3-0.5 mS/cm.

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5. Transplanting Seedlings to Permanent Locations and Rooting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Transplanting seedlings. Tomato seedlings are transplanted at the age of 40-45 days, when the plants have 7-8 true leaves and a well-developed root system.
* Tying. After transplanting, seedlings are tied to the trellis.
* Watering. Nutrient solution supply is done through drip irrigation.
* Plant shaping. Indeterminate tomatoes are formed into one stem. For this, side shoots are removed twice a week when they reach 2-5 cm (no more than 5-7 cm). The side shoots are usually removed in the morning, cutting them at the base. Twining of plant tops is best done in the afternoon, when the plants lose turgor and the likelihood of breaking them decreases.

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6. Flowering (3-5 clusters)

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Watering. Nutrient solution supply is done through drip irrigation.
* Plant shaping. Twice a week, removal of side shoots, leaf removal, and twining of tops is conducted. On the plant, from 13 to 18 leaves can be left in spring and 18-20 in summer. No more than 2-3 leaves should be removed at one time. Leaves need to be removed completely, without leaving "stubs" on the plant.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces with special entomological glue are used. Trap replacement is done as needed (once every 5-8 weeks). Combining chemical and biological methods of protection reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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7. Flowering (5-10 clusters)

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant shaping. Twice a week, removal of side shoots, leaf removal, and twining of tops is conducted. Tying is best performed in the afternoon, when plant tops are less fragile than in the morning.
* Watering. Nutrient solution supply is done through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. Combining chemical and biological methods of protection reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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8. Flowering (10-12 clusters)

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant shaping. Twice a week, removal of side shoots, leaf removal, and twining of tops is conducted. Tying is best performed in the afternoon, when plant tops are less fragile than in the morning.
* Watering. Nutrient solution supply is done through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. Combining chemical and biological methods of protection reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.
* Foliar feeding. Foliar feeding with magnesium sulfate (1.5–2 g/L). For the prevention of blossom end rot on the fruits, foliar feedings with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/L of water) are applied.

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9. Fruiting

Длительность этапа:60 дней

* Watering. Nutrient solution supply is done through drip irrigation.
* Fruit collection. Fruits are harvested at the blush stage to improve conditions for the formation and ripening of remaining fruits. Tomato harvesting is done regularly (3-4 times a week) to prevent overripening of fruits and stimulate the formation of new ovaries.
* Plant shaping. Twice a week, removal of side shoots, leaf removal, and twining of tops is conducted.
* Topping. Indeterminate tomatoes are topped 50-55 days before culture termination.
* Foliar feeding. To prevent blossom end rot on the fruits, foliar feedings with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/L of water) are applied.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. Combining chemical and biological methods of protection reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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10. Preparing the Greenhouse for a New Cultivation Cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfection of equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and maintaining the lighting system.
* Checking drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.

11. Post-Harvest Storage

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Tomatoes should be stored in a cool place with good ventilation. The optimal storage temperature is from +10°C to +13°C.

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