Технологическая карта выращивания tomato в минеральной вате

1. Sowing seeds in plugs

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Soaking plugs. Mineral wool plugs in trays are soaked by immersion in containers with a previously prepared nutrient solution with EC 1.5-2.0 mS/cm and pH 5.2-5.5.
* Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm and then covered with vermiculite. To speed up germination and maintain moisture, the trays are covered with film after watering, which is removed immediately after the first sprouts appear.

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2. Sprouts

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Supplementing light for seedlings. The first 2-3 days, lighting is continuous. The lighting power is 400 W/m².

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3. Picking and caring for seedlings

Длительность этапа:35 дней

* Supplementing light for seedlings. The duration of light before picking is 18 hours/day. The lighting power is 400 W/m².
* Soaking cubes. Cubes are pre-soaked with a nutrient solution whose concentration is 0.2-0.3 mS/cm lower (EC around 2.2-2.5) than in the plugs (EC around 2.4-2.6 mS/cm).
* Picking seedlings. Picking should occur when the leaves of neighboring plants touch and start to shade each other, which usually happens after 12-14 days when 1-2 true leaves appear. Each plug with the seedling is picked into the hole of the cube and covered with vermiculite. After picking, maintain the air temperature at 20-21°C continuously for the first 3-4 days. The lighting power is 240 W/m².
* Arranging seedlings. After picking, arrange the seedlings to achieve optimal lighting. The density of 5-week-old seedlings is 22 plants/m², for 6-week-old - 14 plants/m². Duration of lighting is 16 hours a day, with lighting power of 120 W/m².

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4. Soaking mats and arranging seedlings

Длительность этапа:10 дней

* Soaking the mats. Soaking of mineral wool mats is carried out with a nutrient solution with a concentration of 2.6-2.8 mS/cm, pH 5.0-5.5. The EC of the solution should be 0.2-0.5 mS lower than the EC of the cube. The dose is 200-300 ml per drip line until a "mirror" solution appears on the surface of the mat. One day after starting to supply the solution and checking all mats for quality, planting can begin. Drainage holes are cut on the day of planting or prior to it.
* Arranging seedlings on the mats. At the phase of 5-8 real leaves, tomato seedlings are taken to the greenhouse and placed on the mats next to the holes, after which drip lines are connected. Cubes are connected to the mats during the mass flowering of the first cluster.
* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.

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5. Transplanting seedlings on mats and rooting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Planting seedlings. Cubes are placed permanently on the mats when mass flowering of the first – second clusters begins, a loose tying to the trellis is performed, and a drip line is established. The temperature difference between the mat and the cubes with seedlings should not exceed 3°C. The standing density of the plants is 2.5-3 plants per m².
* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. Indeterminate tomatoes are formed in one stem. To do this, suckers are removed two times a week when they reach 2-5 cm (no more than 5-7 cm). Suckering is usually performed in the morning with suckers being removed at their base. Twisting the tops of the plants is preferably done in the second half of the day when plants lose turgor and the likelihood of breaking the plants decreases.

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6. Blooming of the 3rd-5th clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers are removed, leaves are removed, and tops are twisted. It is possible to leave from 13 to 18 leaves on the plants in spring and 18-20 leaves in summer. No more than 2-3 leaves should be removed at a time. Leaves must be completely removed, not leaving any "stumps" on the plant.
* Monitoring and treatment with pesticides. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks). A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.

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7. Blooming of the 5th-10th clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers are removed, leaves are removed, and tops are twisted. Tying is best done in the second half of the day, when the tops of the plants are less brittle than in the morning.
* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and treatment with pesticides. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.

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8. Blooming of the 10th-12th clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers are removed, leaves are removed, and tops are twisted. Tying is best done in the second half of the day, when the tops of the plants are less brittle than in the morning.
* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and treatment with pesticides. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.
* Foliar feeding. Foliar feeding with magnesium sulfate (1.5–2 g/l). To prevent blossom-end rot on fruits, foliar feeds with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/l of water) are applied.

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9. Fruit bearing

Длительность этапа:60 дней

* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Harvesting fruits. Fruits are picked at the blanched ripeness to improve conditions for the formation and ripening of remaining fruits. Tomatoes are harvested regularly (3-4 times a week) to prevent overripening of fruits and stimulate the formation of new buds.
* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers are removed, leaves are removed, and tops are twisted.
* Pinching tops. Indeterminate tomatoes are pinched 50-55 days before termination of the culture.
* Foliar feeding. To prevent blossom-end rot on fruits, foliar feeds with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/l of water) are applied.
* Monitoring and treatment with pesticides. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.

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10. Preparing the greenhouse for the new cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfecting the greenhouse. Disinfecting surfaces of the greenhouse using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drip lines and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drip lines, and hoses to prevent blockages and infections.

11. Post-harvest storage

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Tomatoes should be stored in a cool place with good ventilation. The optimal storage temperature is between +10°C and +13°C.

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