Технологическая карта выращивания tomato tivai 12 в минеральной вате

1. Sowing Seeds in Blocks

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Saturating blocks. Mineral wool blocks in trays are saturated by soaking in containers with a prepared nutrient solution with EC 1.5-2.0 mS/cm and pH 5.2-5.5.
* Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown at a depth of 1 cm, then covered with vermiculite. To accelerate germination and maintain moisture, trays are covered with film after watering, which is removed as soon as the first shoots appear.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Supplementary lighting for seedlings. The first 2-3 days, lighting is continuous. Light power 400 W/m².

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3. Picking and Caring for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:35 дней

* Supplementary lighting for seedlings. Lighting duration until picking is 18 hours/day. Light power 400 W/m².
* Saturating cubes. Cubes are pre-saturated with a nutrient solution, the concentration of which is 0.2-0.3 mS/cm lower (EC about 2.2-2.5) than in the blocks (EC about 2.4-2.6 mS/cm).
* Picking seedlings. Picking is carried out when the leaves of neighboring plants touch, usually occurring after 12-14 days, when 1-2 true leaves appear. Each block with a seedling is transplanted into a hole of the cube and covered with vermiculite. After picking, within the first 3-4 days, the air temperature is maintained continuously at 20-21°C. Light power 240 W/m².
* Arranging seedlings. After picking, seedlings are arranged to achieve optimal lighting. The density of 5-week-old seedlings is 22 plants/m², for 6-week-old - 14 plants/m². Lighting duration is 16 hours/day, light power is 120 W/m².

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4. Saturation of Mats and Arrangement of Seedlings

Длительность этапа:10 дней

* Saturating mats. Saturation of mineral wool mats is carried out with nutrient solution at a concentration of 2.6-2.8 mS/cm, pH 5.0-5.5. The solution's EC should be 0.2-0.5 mS/cm lower than the EC of the cubes. The dose is 200-300 ml per dripper until a "mirror" of the solution appears on the surface of the mat. A day after starting to supply the solution and checking all mats for quality saturation, planting can begin. Drainage is cut on the day of planting or before.
* Arranging seedlings on mats. At the phase of 5-8 true leaves, tomato seedlings are taken to the greenhouse and placed on mats next to the holes, and drippers are connected. The cubes are joined with the mats during the mass flowering of the first cluster.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.

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5. Transplanting Seedlings onto Mats and Rooting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Transplanting seedlings. The cubes are placed in their permanent location on the mats when the mass flowering of the first - second cluster begins, a loose tying to the trellis is conducted, and the dripper is installed. The temperature difference between the mat and blocks with seedlings should not exceed 3°C. Plant density is 2.5-3 plants per m².
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. Indeterminate tomatoes are formed into one stem. For this, suckers are removed twice a week when they reach 2-5 cm (not more than 5-7 cm). Suckering is usually done in the morning when the plants lose turgor, which reduces the chance of plant breakage.

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6. Flowering 3-5 Clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers, leaves, and top buds are removed. On the plant, from 13 to 18 leaves can be left in spring and 18-20 in summer. No more than 2-3 leaves should be removed at once. The leaves must be completely removed, leaving no “stumps” on the plant.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. Use traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks). A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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7. Flowering 5-10 Clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers, leaves, and top buds are removed. Tying is best done in the afternoon when the tops of the plants are less fragile than in the morning.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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8. Flowering 10-12 Clusters

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers, leaves, and top buds are removed. Tying is best done in the afternoon when the tops of the plants are less fragile than in the morning.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.
* Foliar feeding. Foliar feeding with magnesium sulfate (1.5–2 g/l). To prevent the occurrence of blossom end rot on fruits, foliar feedings with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/l of water) are used.

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9. Fruit Bearing

Длительность этапа:60 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Picking fruits. Fruits are picked at breaker stage to improve conditions for the formation and ripening of the remaining fruits. Tomatoes are harvested regularly (3-4 times a week) to prevent overripening and stimulate the formation of new ovaries.
* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers, leaves, and top buds are removed.
* Tipping tops. Indeterminate tomatoes are tipped off 50-55 days before the culture is terminated.
* Foliar feeding. To prevent blossom end rot on fruits, foliar feedings with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/l of water) are used.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatment. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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10. Preparing the Greenhouse for a New Growing Cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting heating and ventilation systems.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking the drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning the water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.

11. Storage After Harvesting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Tomatoes should be stored in a cool place with good ventilation. The optimal storage temperature is between +10°C and +13°C.

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