Технологическая карта выращивания cucumber в кокосовом субстрате

1. Sowing Seeds in Cubes

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Saturating Cubes. Seedlings can be grown in mineral wool cubes, coconut briquettes, or in cassettes with subsequent transplanting. A day before sowing, mineral wool cubes should be prepared and saturated with a nutrient solution. The cubes are fully submerged in the nutrient solution until saturated.
* Sowing Seeds. Seeds are sown at a depth of 1-1.5 cm, one seed per cube. They are covered with a thin layer of vermiculite to maintain optimal moisture levels. The cubes are covered with film for 3-4 days.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Supplementary Lighting. When 10-15% of seedlings appear, the film is removed, and supplementary lighting is turned on. For the first three days, seedlings are illuminated continuously. Lighting power of 120 W/m².

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3. Seedling Care

Длительность этапа:20 дней

* Supplementary Lighting. The period of supplementary lighting is gradually reduced from 18 to 12 hours/day. Lighting power of 120 W/m².
* Watering. Watering is done moderately, with intervals of 2 to 5 days. Watering should be stopped at least one day before transplanting seedlings to a permanent location.
* Fungicide Treatment. To prevent bacterial diseases at the 2-3 leaf stage, the first treatment with a fungicide solution (e.g., phytobacteriomycin) is recommended. Additionally, spraying for the prevention of viral diseases (e.g., Farmayod, GR) is conducted at the rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Biofungicide Treatment. 2-3 days after the application of fungicide, it is necessary to apply biological preparations based on Trichoderma fungi and Bacillus subtilis bacteria at the rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Seedling Arrangement. 12-14 days after germination and before the plants begin to touch, seedlings are arranged (20-28 plants per m²). By the end of the growth period, their number reaches 16 plants per m².

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4. Saturating and Washing Mats

Длительность этапа:1 день

* Preparing Mats. The preparation of coconut mats begins with saturation using a calcium nitrate solution or a standard working solution of nutrient elements. Once the mat is fully saturated, the supply of the solution to the mats is stopped for 12 hours. During this time, the salts in the coconut substrate begin to dissolve. This technique improves the quality of subsequent washing. After the mats, saturated with working solution or calcium nitrate, have rested for 12 hours, they must be washed. For washing, standard nutrient solution with EC 2.0 mS/cm is used. When washing the substrate, it is necessary to check the EC level in the mat every 2-3 waterings. The washing should be stopped when the EC in the mat reaches 2.2-2.4 mS/cm. For light cultures, the concentration levels increase by 0.3-0.5 mS/cm.

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5. Transplanting Plants to Permanent Locations and Rooting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Planting Seedlings. It is recommended to transplant in cloudy weather or in the afternoon to help plants adapt and avoid stress from direct sunlight. Seedlings are planted when plants reach the phase of 4-6 true leaves.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Installing Sticky Traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).
* Fungicide Treatment. After planting in a permanent location, fungicides (e.g., phytobacteriomycin) are applied through root drenching either by drip or manually for the prevention of bacterial diseases.
* Biofungicide Treatment. 2-3 days after the application of fungicide, it is necessary to apply biological preparations based on Bacillus subtilis bacteria in accordance with the rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Tying Plants. 2-3 days after transplanting, seedlings are tied to trellises.
* Fungicide Treatment. 7-10 days after transplanting to a permanent location, preventive treatments for viral diseases (e.g., Farmayod, GR) are conducted and subsequently at intervals of 7-14 days while gradually increasing the concentration.

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6. Bush Formation and Plant Care

Длительность этапа:15 дней

* Plant Formation. Plant formation for long-fruited parthenocarpic hybrids is conducted as follows: up to a height of 80-90 cm - side shoots and ovaries are removed in leaf axils and "blind" the next 20-30 cm - 3-4 side shoots are pinched to 1 leaf and 1 ovary, then up to a height of 170 cm - side shoots are pinched to 2 leaves and 2 ovaries, from 170 cm to the trellis - side shoots are pinched to 3 leaves and 3 ovaries. On the main stem of long-fruited hybrids, from 4-6 to 8-10 ovaries are left up to the trellis. Short-fruited hybrids have up to 16 ovaries left up to the trellis because 2 ovaries are formed in the leaf axils in the upper tier.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Fungicide Treatment. For angular leaf spot, it is recommended to spray phytobacteriomycin at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer upon the appearance of disease signs. Treatments are repeated every 2-3 weeks.
* Foliar Fertilization. Potassium nitrate solution (0.3-0.5%) to enhance ovary formation. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) to improve photosynthesis.

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7. Fruiting

Длительность этапа:90 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Harvesting. Harvesting cucumbers is done regularly, 2-3 times a week, to avoid plant stress due to overripe fruits.
* Plant Formation. After the plant grows beyond the upper trellis, the upper part of the plant is formed. The shoots are bent and tied to the trellis, pinching just above the fourth leaf, leaving 3 shoots spaced evenly between the plants. These shoots are pinched twice every 50 cm, leaving 2 ovaries on their side shoots. When pinching shoots, only the tops of the shoots are removed, and the shoots themselves should not be longer than 20 cm. As the plant grows, yellowed, damaged, or sick leaves need to be removed, particularly in the lower part of the plant, to improve ventilation and reduce the risk of disease spread. On average, 20-22 leaves are maintained on the plant during the period of mass fruiting.
* Foliar Fertilization. Potassium nitrate solution (0.3-0.5%) to enhance ovary formation. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) to improve photosynthesis.

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8. Preparing the Greenhouse for a New Growing Cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the Greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the Greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment. Washing and disinfecting all inventory, shelves, containers, and tools used in cultivation.
* Checking and Adjusting the Heating and Ventilation Systems.
* Checking and Maintaining the Lighting System.
* Checking Drippers and Irrigation Systems. Cleaning the water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent blockages and infections.

9. Storage After Harvest

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Do not store together with apples, bananas, tomatoes, and other ethylene-producing crops, as this accelerates the yellowing and aging of the fruits.

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