Технологическая карта выращивания cucumber в грунте

1. Seed planting for seedlings

Длительность этапа:6 дней

* Preparing planting containers. For growing cucumber seedlings, use containers, peat pots with a capacity of at least 0.5 l, as well as trays with cells measuring 10x10 cm or 8x8 cm. Before planting, the planting containers must be washed and disinfected.
* Preparing the substrate. The substrate for seedlings should be light, moisture, and air-permeable. An example composition: peat fraction 6-15 mm (top and low-lying in a ratio of 2:1), perlite or vermiculite to improve aeration (up to 10% of the volume of the substrate), sand (10-15%), compost or humus (20-30%).
* Adding lime materials. The optimal pH for cucumber seedlings is 5.8-6.2. If the substrate is too acidic, add dolomite flour (3-5 kg per 1 m³ of substrate depending on the initial acidity level).
* Adding mineral fertilizers. To provide nutrition for seedlings at the initial stage, add mineral fertilizers. An example loading per 1 m³ of soil: ammonium nitrate 0.8-1.0 kg, double superphosphate 1.0-2.0 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5-0.8 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3 kg, boric acid 2-3 g, copper sulfate 8-10 g, manganese sulfate 12-15 g, zinc sulfate 5-8 g, ammonium molybdate 2-5 g.
* Treating the substrate with biopesticides. The substrate is soaked with a biopesticide solution to suppress pathogenic microflora. 3-4 days before planting, the peat substrate is fertilized with a preparation based on Trichoderma in the doses recommended by the manufacturer.
* Planting seeds. Sow seeds to a depth of about 1-2 cm. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of light porous material (perlite, peat, vermiculite). After planting, moisten the soil and place it in a germination chamber or cover it with non-woven material.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Providing supplemental light for seedlings. When 10-15% of seedlings have emerged, the film is removed and additional lighting is enabled. The first three days, seedlings are illuminated around the clock. Light intensity should be 120 W/m².
* Irrigation of seedlings. Irrigation of seedlings is carried out moderately, avoiding overwatering.

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3. Seedling care

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Providing supplemental light for seedlings. The photoperiod for supplemental lighting is gradually reduced from 18 to 12 hours/day. Light intensity should be 120 W/m².
* Irrigation. Irrigation should be moderate, with intervals of 2 to 5 days. Irrigation should be stopped at least one day before transplanting the seedlings into the permanent location.
* Adding fertilizers. Simultaneously with irrigation. An example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 760 g, ammonium nitrate 90 g, monopotassium phosphate 250 g, potassium nitrate 220 g, potassium sulfate 160 g, magnesium sulfate 100 g, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Treatment with biopesticides. 1-2 weeks after sowing, seedlings are soaked with a solution of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens in doses recommended by the manufacturer.
* Seedling placement. The final standing density is 20-22 pcs/m². One day before transplanting, additional lighting is turned off.

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4. Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. The soil is soaked with a biopesticide solution 3-5 days before planting seedlings. Biological control agents include Trichoderma, preparations of Bacillus subtilis and others that enrich beneficial soil microflora and block harmful pathogens.
* Planting seedlings. Cucumber seedlings are ready for planting 25-30 days after germination, by this time, the plants have 5 true leaves. When planting in February-March, the density should not exceed 2.4 plants/m²; for later planting dates, it should be 2.6-3.0 plants/m²; for autumn crops, it should be 2.2-2.5 plants/m². A two-row planting scheme is recommended. The distance between ridges should be 0.8-1.0 m, the distance between rows should be 0.6 m, and between plants in the row should be 0.4 m. It is advisable to plant on cloudy days or in the afternoon so that plants can adapt and avoid stress from direct sunlight. The seedlings should not be buried.
* Mulching. The soil around the plants should be mulched to retain moisture and protect against weeds.
* Tying. 5-7 days after planting, plant support should be provided.
* Irrigation. Regular irrigation should be carried out, avoiding overwatering.

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5. Plant formation and care

Длительность этапа:15 дней

* Irrigation. Irrigation is carried out regularly, avoiding overwatering.
* Plant formation. In the axils of the 4 lower leaves, remove all buds and lateral shoots; after the fourth leaf and up to the trellis wire, only the initial lateral shoots are pinched off, leaving the buds. As soon as the main stem reaches the cross trellis wire, it is directed horizontally and wrapped around the support twice. When the stem reaches the neighboring bush (or 1 m), the top is pinched. Leave 2-3 lateral shoots for fruiting under the trellis, pinch them back after the second leaf, remove all other growing lateral shoots weekly. The leaves that lay on the ground are cut off throughout the period.
* Fertilizing. Simultaneously with irrigation, 2-4 times a week. An example of a nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 710 g, ammonium nitrate 90 g, monopotassium phosphate 200 g, potassium nitrate 600 g, magnesium sulfate 100 g, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Foliar feeding. One week after planting seedlings, carry out leaf feeding with urea solution (0.5%) to stimulate growth.
* Setting sticky traps. Use traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces with special entomological glue applied to them. Replace the traps as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

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6. Fruiting

Длительность этапа:90 дней

* Irrigation. Irrigation should be carried out regularly, avoiding overwatering.
* Fertilizing. Simultaneously with irrigation. An example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 660 g, ammonium nitrate 90 g, monopotassium phosphate 170 g, potassium nitrate 750 g, magnesium sulfate 100 g, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Harvesting. Cucumber harvesting is carried out daily to avoid overripening of the fruits.
* Plant formation. As the plant grows, it is necessary to remove yellowed, damaged, or sick leaves, especially at the bottom of the plant, to improve ventilation and reduce the risk of spreading diseases.
* Foliar feeding. A solution of potassium nitrate (0.3–0.5%) for increasing set. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) for improving photosynthesis.
* Monitoring and pest control. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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7. Preparing the greenhouse for a new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent disease spread.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of surfaces of the greenhouse using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and equipment used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drip lines and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.
* Adding lime materials. To raise pH, established materials like ground limestone (calcite), dolomite flour, chalk, or hydrated lime are used. The main materials for acidifying the soil include elemental sulfur, ammonium sulfate, and iron sulfate.
* Adding fertilizers. It is recommended to use composted horse or cow manure as organic fertilizers in amounts ranging from 10 to 40 kg/m². Organic fertilizers are evenly distributed over the surface of the soil. Additionally, complex mineral fertilizers based on agrochemical analysis are added.
* Soil treatment. The soil is plowed or cultivated to a depth of 18-25 cm, thoroughly mixing the soil mixture to a homogeneous composition.

8. Storage after harvest

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Cucumbers should not be stored together with apples, bananas, tomatoes, and other ethylene-producing crops, as this accelerates yellowing and aging of the fruits.

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