Технологическая карта выращивания cucumber meva в грунте

1. Sowing seeds for seedlings

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Preparation of sowing containers. For sowing cucumber seedlings, containers, peat pots with a volume of at least 0.5 L, as well as cassettes with cells measuring 10x10 cm or 8x8 cm are used. Before sowing, the sowing containers must be washed and disinfected.
* Preparation of substrate. The substrate for seedlings should be light, moisture- and air-permeable. Example composition: peat fraction of 6-15 mm (highland and lowland in a ratio of 2:1), perlite or vermiculite to improve aeration (up to 10% of substrate volume), sand (10–15%), compost or manure (20–30%).
* Application of lime materials. If the substrate is too acidic, dolomite flour is added (3–5 kg per 1 m³ of substrate depending on the initial acidity level).
* Application of mineral fertilizers. For providing nutrition for seedlings at the initial stage, mineral fertilizers are applied. The approximate fertilization per 1 m³ of soil: ammonium nitrate 0.8-1.0 kg, double superphosphate 1.0-2.0 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5–0.8 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3 kg, boric acid 2–3 g, copper sulfate 8–10 g, manganese sulfate 12–15 g, zinc sulfate 5–8 g, ammonium molybdate 2–5 g.
* Treatment of substrate. The substrate is irrigated with a biofungicide solution to suppress pathogenic microflora. 3-4 days before sowing, the peat substrate is enriched with a Trichoderma-based product at the manufacturer’s recommended rates.
* Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown at a depth of about 1-2 cm. A thin layer of light porous material (perlite, peat, vermiculite) is sprinkled over the seeds. After sowing, the substrate is moistened and placed in a germination chamber or covered with nonwoven material.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Lighting the seedlings. When 10-15% of sprouts appear, the film should be removed and additional lighting turned on. Lighting power should be at least 120 W/m².
* Watering seedlings. Watering seedlings is done moderately, avoiding overmoistening.

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3. Care for seedlings

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Lighting the seedlings. The period of additional lighting is gradually reduced from 18 to 12 hours/day. Lighting power should be at least 120 W/m².
* Watering. Watering is done moderately, with an interval of 2 to 5 days. Watering should be stopped at least one day before transplanting seedlings in the permanent place.
* Application of fertilizers. Along with watering. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.6–0.8 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.07 kg, potassium nitrate 0.2-0.3 kg, monopotassium phosphate 0.2–0.4 kg, potassium sulfate 0.1–0.3 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.1–0.2 kg, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Treatment with biofungicides. One or two weeks after sowing, seedlings are watered with a solution of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens at the rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Placement of seedlings. Final standing density is 20-22 plants/m². A day before transplantation, additional lighting should be turned off.

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4. Transplanting seedlings to a permanent location

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Soil preparation and disinfection. The soil is treated with a solution of biofungicide 3–5 days before transplanting seedlings. Biological control agents include Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, and others that enrich soil microbial flora and block harmful pathogens.
* Planting seedlings. Cucumber seedlings are ready for transplanting when the plants have 3-4 true leaves. It is recommended to conduct transplanting on cloudy days or in the afternoon to help plants adapt and avoid stress from direct sunlight. Planting density is 2.0-2.2 plants/m². Seedlings should not be buried. For the first two to three days after transplanting the plants to a permanent place, the temperature should be maintained at 20-21°C around the clock.
* Mulching. The soil around the plants is mulched to preserve moisture and protect against weeds.
* Tying. 5-7 days after planting, the plants are tied up.
* Watering. Watering is carried out regularly, avoiding overmoistening.

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5. Plant formation and care

Длительность этапа:20 дней

* Watering. Watering is done regularly, avoiding overmoistening.
* Formation of bushes. The formation of cucumber bushes includes the removal of all fruits and shoots up to the fifth true leaf. The main stem is pinched when the top reaches the neighboring plant; lateral shoots in the leaf axils located on the trellis wire are pinched to improve illumination. The leaf located on the trellis wire is also removed to prevent shading of the main stem.
* Application of fertilizers. Along with watering 2-4 times a week. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.7-0.8 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.07-0.09 kg, monopotassium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium nitrate 0.5-0.8 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.3 kg, iron chelate 30 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Foliar feeding. A week after transplanting seedlings, foliar feeding with urea solution (0.5%) is performed to stimulate growth.
* Installation of adhesive traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Replacing traps is done as necessary (once every 5-8 weeks).

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6. Fruit-bearing

Длительность этапа:90 дней

* Watering. Watering is done regularly, avoiding overmoistening.
* Application of fertilizers. Along with watering 2-4 times a week. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.6-0.7 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.1 kg, monopotassium phosphate 0.1-0.2 kg, potassium nitrate 0.7-0.8 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.3 kg, iron chelate 30 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Harvesting. Cucumber harvesting is done regularly to avoid fruits overripe, as this reduces the quality and quantity of new ovaries.
* Plant formation. As the plants grow, it is necessary to remove yellowed, damaged, or sick leaves, especially at the bottom of the plant, to improve ventilation and reduce the risk of disease spread.
* Foliar feeding. A solution of potassium nitrate (0.3–0.5%) is used to increase the ovaries. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) improves photosynthesis.
* Monitoring and treatment with pesticides. Combining chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistances of pests and pathogens.

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7. Preparing the greenhouse for a new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant debris (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfection of equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and tools used in growing.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation systems.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogging and infections.
* Application of lime materials. To raise pH, lime materials such as ground limestone (calcite), dolomite flour, chalk, or hydrated lime are used. Basic materials for acidifying the soil include elemental sulfur, ammonium sulfate, and iron sulfate.
* Application of fertilizers. As organic fertilizers, it is desirable to use composted horse or cow manure at rates from 10 to 40 kg/m². Organic fertilizers are evenly distributed over the soil surface. Additionally, mineral fertilizers are applied based on agrochemical analysis.
* Soil treatment. The soil is dug or loosened to a depth of 18-25 cm, thoroughly mixing the soil mixture to a uniform consistency.

8. Storage after harvest

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Cucumbers should not be stored together with apples, bananas, tomatoes, and other ethylene-producing crops, as this accelerates yellowing and aging of the fruits.

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