Технологическая карта выращивания cucumber в минеральной вате

1. Sowing seeds in cubes

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Soaking the cubes. One day before sowing, soak the mineral wool cubes in a nutrient solution until fully saturated.
* Sowing seeds. Sow 1 seed in each cube. The optimal sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of vermiculite to maintain a moist optimal environment. Cover the cubes with film for 3-4 days.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Lighting seedlings. When 50-70% of "cotyledons" appear, remove the film and turn on additional lighting. For the first three days, seedlings are illuminated around the clock. Lighting capacity should be 120 W/m².

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3. Seedling care

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Lighting seedlings. The illumination period is gradually reduced from 18 to 12 hours/day. Lighting capacity should be 120 W/m².
* Watering. Watering is done moderately, with an interval of 2 to 5 days.
* Treating with fungicides. For the prevention of bacterial diseases in the 2-3 leaf stage, it is recommended to perform the first treatment with a fungicide solution (for example, Fitobacteriomycin). Additionally, spraying is performed for the prevention of viral diseases (for example, Farmayod, GR) at rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Treating with biofungicides. 2-3 days after applying the fungicide, it is necessary to sprinkle biological preparations based on Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis at rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Arranging seedlings. 12-14 days after germination, before the plants begin to touch each other, arrange seedlings (20-28 plants/m²). At the end of cultivation, their number should reach 16 plants/m².

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4. Soaking mats

Длительность этапа:1 день

* Soaking mats. Soaking is carried out with a nutrient solution at a concentration of 2.2-2.5 mS/cm, pH 5.5-6.0 (the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution used should be less than the leachate from the cube by 0.3–0.5 mS/cm). The solution is applied in doses of 200-250 ml to the dripper until a "mirror" is obtained. A day after starting the solution supply and checking all the mats for quality soaking, planting can begin. After sufficiently saturating the substrate, drain holes must be cut in the film to remove excess fluid. At this stage, mats are prepared for arranging plants in cubes. Cutting drain holes and removing excess solution must be done strictly before planting plants on the mat.

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5. Planting plants in a permanent place and rooting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Planting seedlings. Seedlings are transplanted when plants reach the 4-6 true leaf phase. When planting seedlings into a permanent place, the cube with the plant is not buried in the mat; it remains standing on the surface. The difference between the mat temperature and the cubes with seedlings should not exceed 3°C. It is not recommended to place a cube with seedlings on the mat if the substrate temperature is below 19 °C.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip watering.
* Installing sticky traps. Use traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue. Replace traps as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).
* Treating with fungicides. After transplanting to a permanent place, for the prevention of bacterial diseases, perform treatment with fungicides (for example, Fitobacteriomycin) by pouring it under the root through drip irrigation or manually under the root.
* Treating with biofungicides. 2-3 days after applying the fungicide, it is necessary to sprinkle biological preparations based on Bacillus subtilis at rates recommended by the manufacturer.
* Tying up. 2-3 days after transplanting, tie seedlings to the trellis.
* Treating with fungicides. 7-10 days after transplanting to a permanent place, preventive treatments against viral diseases (for example, Farmayod, GR) are performed and then at intervals of 7-14 days, gradually increasing the concentration.

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6. Forming bushes and plant care

Длительность этапа:15 дней

* Plant formation. The formation of plants for long-fruited parthenocarpic hybrids is carried out according to the following scheme: up to a height of 80-90 cm - in the leaf axils, side shoots and ovaries are removed, "blind" the next 20-30 cm - 3-4 side shoots are pinched to 1 leaf and 1 ovary, then up to a height of 170 cm - side shoots are pinched to 2 leaves and 2 ovaries, from 170 cm to the trellis - side shoots are pinched to 3 leaves and 3 ovaries. On the main shoot of long-fruited hybrids, from 4-6 to 8-10 ovaries are left up to the trellis. For short-fruited hybrids, up to 16 ovaries are left up to the trellis, as up to 2 ovaries form in the leaf axils in the upper tier. Begin the gradual removal of the lower leaves (to avoid stagnant damp air in the ground zone and prevent the development of diseases). 6 leaves are removed weekly, but no more than 3-4 leaves at a time.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation. The temperature of the water should not be lower than the temperature of the substrate.
* Treating with fungicides. Against angular spot, it is recommended to spray Fitobacteriomycin at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer as signs of disease appear. Treatments are repeated every 2-3 weeks.
* Leaf feeding. Potassium nitrate solution (0.3–0.5%) to increase ovaries. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) to improve photosynthesis.

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7. Fruit bearing

Длительность этапа:90 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is delivered through drip irrigation.
* Harvesting. Cucumber harvesting is conducted regularly, 2-3 times a week, to avoid stress on plants from overgrown fruits.
* Plant formation. As the plants grow, it is necessary to remove yellowed, damaged or sick leaves, especially in the lower part of the plant, to improve ventilation and reduce the risk of disease spread. On average, keep 20-22 leaves on the plant during the mass fruiting period.
* Foliar feeding. Potassium nitrate solution (0.3–0.5%) to increase ovaries. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) to improve photosynthesis.

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8. Preparing the greenhouse for a new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Remove all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfecting the greenhouse. Disinfecting the surfaces of the greenhouse using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and setting up the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and maintaining the lighting system.
* Checking drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.