Технологическая карта выращивания cucumber в торфе

1. Seed Sowing for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Preparing sowing containers. For growing cucumber seedlings, containers, peat pots with a volume of at least 0.5 l, and trays with cells measuring 10x10 cm or 8x8 cm are used. Before sowing, sowing containers must be washed and disinfected. * Preparing the substrate. The substrate for seedlings should be light, moisture- and air-permeable. Example composition: peat of fractions 6-15 mm (high and low peat in a ratio of 2:1), perlite or vermiculite for improving aeration (up to 10% of the substrate volume), sand (10-15%), compost or humus (20-30%). * Adding liming materials. The optimal pH for cucumber seedlings is 5.8-6.2. If the substrate is too acidic, dolomite flour is added (3-5 kg per 1 m³ of substrate depending on the initial acidity level). * Adding mineral fertilizers. To provide nutrients for seedlings at the initial stage, mineral fertilizers are applied. Example mix per 1 m³ of soil: ammonium nitrate 0.8-1.0 kg, double superphosphate 1.0-2.0 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5-0.8 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3 kg, boric acid 2-3 g, copper sulfate 8-10 g, manganese sulfate 12-15 g, zinc sulfate 5-8 g, ammonium molybdate 2-5 g. * Treating the substrate with biofungicides. The substrate is drenched with a biofungicide solution to suppress pathogenic microflora. 3-4 days before sowing, the peat substrate is treated with a product based on Trichoderma in the rates recommended by the manufacturer. * Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 1-2 cm. The seeds are covered with a thin layer of lightweight porous material (perlite, peat, vermiculite). After sowing, the soil is moistened and placed in a germination chamber or covered with non-woven material.

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2. Germination

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Supplementing light for seedlings. When 10-15% of seedlings emerge, the film is removed and additional lighting is turned on. For the first three days, seedlings receive continuous lighting. The light intensity is from 120 W/m². * Watering seedlings. Watering of seedlings is performed moderately, avoiding over-watering.

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3. Caring for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Supplementing light for seedlings. The supplementing period is gradually reduced from 18 to 12 hours per day. The light intensity is from 120 W/m². * Watering. Watering is performed moderately, with an interval of 2 to 5 days. Watering should be stopped at least one day before transplanting seedlings to a permanent place. * Adding fertilizers. Simultaneously with watering. Example of nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 760 g, ammonium nitrate 90 g, potassium monophosphate 250 g, potassium nitrate 220 g, potassium sulfate 160 g, magnesium sulfate 100 g, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g. * Treating with biofungicides. 1-2 weeks after sowing, seedlings are drenched with a solution of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens in the rates recommended by the manufacturer. * Arranging seedlings. Final standing density is 20-22 pieces/m². 24 hours before planting seedlings, additional lighting is turned off.

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4. Transplanting Seedlings to Permanent Location

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Preparing peat substrate. For cultivation, high-moisture capacity and good aeration upper peat is used. Cucumbers require a substrate pH of 5.5-6.5. To raise the pH, dolomite flour or lime is added. For lightly acidic peat - 2-4 kg of dolomite flour per 1 m³. For more acidic - up to 6 kg per 1 m³. If necessary, perlite is added to enhance aeration and moisture-retaining properties. * Adding mineral fertilizers. To enrich peat with mineral substances, dry fertilizers are added or a nutrient solution is prepared directly in the greenhouse using drip irrigation. The solution dose is 4-6 l/m² depending on the moisture of the peat, concentration 2.5-2.8 mS/cm. * Preparing bags or containers. The bags are filled with peat substrate to 2/3 of their volume. The substrate consumption is 7-10 l of peat per plant. * Planting seedlings. Plants are planted in prepared peat mats or bags. It is recommended to perform planting on cloudy days or in the afternoon so that plants can adapt and avoid stress from direct sunlight. Seedlings are planted when plants reach the 4-6 true leaf stage. When planting in February-March, the plant density should not exceed 2.4 plants/m², for later planting dates 2.6-3.0 plants/m², and for autumn turnover 2.2-2.5 plants/m². * Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied via drip irrigation. * Tying up. Tying of plants is carried out 5-7 days after planting.

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5. Training and Caring for Plants

Длительность этапа:20 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied via drip irrigation. * Training plants. In the axils of the 4 lower leaves, all fruits and lateral shoots are removed, after the fourth leaf and up to the trellis wire only lateral shoot buds are pinched, and the fruit remains. As soon as the main stem reaches the trellis wire, it is directed horizontally and wrapped around the support twice. When the stem grows to the neighboring bush (or 1 m), the tip is pinched. Under the trellis, 2-3 lateral shoots are left for fruiting, which are pinched after the second leaf; all other growing lateral shoots are removed every week. * Foliar fertilization. One week after transplanting seedlings, foliar feeding is performed with a solution of urea (0.5%) to stimulate growth. * Installing sticky traps. Sticky traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces with a special entomological glue applied are used. Traps should be replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

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6. Fruiting

Длительность этапа:90 дней

* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied via drip irrigation. * Harvesting. Cucumber harvesting is done regularly, 2-3 times a week, to avoid fruit overripening. It is important not to allow overripening as it reduces the quality and quantity of new ovaries. * Training plants. As plants grow, yellowed, damaged, or diseased leaves should be removed, especially in the lower part of the plant, to improve ventilation and reduce the risk of disease spread. * Foliar fertilization. A solution of potassium nitrate (0.3-0.5%) to increase ovaries. Magnesium sulfate (0.2%) to improve photosynthesis. * Monitoring and processing with pesticides. Combining chemical and biological protection methods reduces the resistance of pests and pathogens.

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7. Preparing the Greenhouse for a New Turn

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent disease spread. * Disinfecting the greenhouse. Disinfection of surfaces in the greenhouse using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests. * Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation. * Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system. * Checking and servicing the lighting system. * Checking the drip emitters and irrigation systems. Cleaning the water supply systems, drip emitters, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.

8. Storage After Harvesting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Do not store together with apples, bananas, tomatoes, and other ethylene-producing crops, as this accelerates the yellowing and aging of fruits.

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