Технологическая карта выращивания strawberry charlotte в кокосовом субстрате

1. Preparation and planting of seedlings

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Preparing the coconut substrate. The preparation of coconut mats begins by soaking them in a solution of calcium nitrate or a standard working solution of nutrients. After the mat has been fully saturated, the supply of solution to the mats should be halted for 12 hours. During this time, salts in the coconut substrate will start to dissolve. This technique improves the quality of subsequent washing. After the mats saturated with the working solution or calcium nitrate solution have rested for 12 hours, they need to be rinsed. A standard nutrient solution with EC 1.5 mS/cm and pH 5.5 is used for rinsing. During rinsing, it is necessary to check the EC level in the mat every 2-3 waterings. Rinsing is stopped when the EC in the mat reaches 2.5 mS/cm.
* Planting seedlings. The prepared seedlings are planted in the mats. Care is taken not to bend the roots (if necessary, the tips of the roots are trimmed) and the root collar is placed at the substrate level to avoid rotting.
* Application of biofungicides. To prevent root rot, after planting and subsequently every 25-30 days, preparations based on Bacillus subtilis are applied to the root with drip irrigation.
* Watering. The nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation. The water for irrigation should have a pH of 6.5-7.5 and an EC of less than 0.7 mS/cm, with chlorides content <130 mg/l.

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2. Rooting, beginning of flowering and caring for plants

Длительность этапа:60 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. At the beginning of cultivation, runners and the first flower stalks are removed, so the plants direct their energy to rooting and developing vegetative mass.
* Pollination. To improve pollination, bumblebees are best used. It's important to maintain the optimal temperature (not exceeding 25°C) and humidity (not exceeding 70%), as deviations can disrupt the pollination process and deform the fruits.
* Treatment with biofungicides. For the prevention of powdery mildew, gray mold, and spots, plants are sprayed with preparations based on Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis every 25-30 days.
* Foliar feeding. Spraying on the leaf with boric acid at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% before the flowering starts.
* Installing sticky traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

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3. Fruit bearing and caring for plants

Длительность этапа:180 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Harvesting. Strawberries should be harvested daily, and during periods of higher temperatures and bright lighting – twice a day. When picking fruits, make sure to leave the calyx attached to the fruit. The harvest of NSD varieties is collected 3-4 times per season, depending on conditions and variety. Berries are packed in special plastic or cardboard containers with ventilation holes for air circulation.
* Plant formation. During cultivation, it is necessary to regularly remove old and large leaves. It is best to do this every 2 weeks, removing no more than 2 leaves per plant.
* Treatment with biofungicides. For the prevention of powdery mildew, gray mold, and spots, plants are sprayed with preparations based on Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis every 25-30 days.

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4. Preparing the greenhouse for the next cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfecting the surfaces of the greenhouse using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drip lines and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drip lines, and hoses to prevent blockages and infections.

5. Post-harvest storage

Длительность этапа:10 дней

The optimal storage temperature is 0–2 °C. At this temperature, the metabolic processes of the berries slow down, helping to maintain freshness for up to 7–10 days.

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