Технологическая карта выращивания tomato torbay в почве

1. Sowing Seeds for Seedlings and Germination

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Preparing sowing containers. Prepare seed trays, boxes, or pots with drainage holes.
* Preparing substrate. The substrate for seedlings should be light, moisture- and air-permeable, with a neutral or slightly acidic medium reaction (pH 6.0–6.5). Sample composition: peat (highland and lowland in a 2:1 ratio) to ensure moisture retention and looseness, perlite or vermiculite for improved aeration (up to 10% of the substrate's volume), washed sand for increased drainage properties (10-15%), compost or manure for improved structure and organic matter (20-30%).
* Applying liming materials. To correct acidity, dolomite flour is added at 3–5 kg/m³ of soil or limestone flour at the rate of 2.5–4 kg/m³.
* Applying mineral fertilizers. To ensure seedling nutrition at the initial stage, complex mineral fertilizers are used. Approximate fertilization for 1 m³ of soil: calcium or ammonium nitrate 0.3-0.7 kg, double superphosphate 1.0–1.2 kg, potassium sulfate 1–1.5 kg, manganese sulfate 2.5 g, copper sulfate 3 g, zinc sulfate 1 g, iron sulfate 15 g, iron citrate 2.5 g, ammonium molybdate 3 g, boric acid 2 g.
* Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 0.5-1 cm. Seeds are covered with a thin layer of light porous material (perlite, peat, vermiculite). After sowing, the soil is moistened and placed in a germination chamber or covered with nonwoven material.

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

2. Lowering Temperature After Germination

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Lowering temperature. After the emergence of seedlings, the temperature is reduced to 16-18°C for 3-5 days to promote active root development and prevent seedlings from stretching.
* Watering. Watering is done moderately, avoiding overhydration.
* Supplementary lighting for seedlings. For the first 2-3 days, the plants are illuminated around the clock, then gradually reducing this time to 18 hours per day. Light power 240 W/m².

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

3. Picking and Caring for Seedlings

Длительность этапа:45 дней

* Watering. Watering is done moderately, with intervals of 2 to 5 days. Watering should be stopped at least a day before transplanting seedlings into the permanent location.
* Picking. Picking is carried out after 10-12 days, when the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves. The plants are transplanted into pots with soil mixture. The optimal pot volume for seedlings is 0.5-1.0 l. After picking, the light power should be 120-240 W/m².
* Fertilization. After picking, fertilization is recommended with each watering. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 500-900 g, monopotassium phosphate 200-400 g, potassium nitrate 200-600 g, magnesium nitrate 300-500 g, magnesium sulfate 200-400 g, iron chelate 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Arranging seedlings. Arranging is done 20-25 days after picking when the leaves begin to touch. Light power should be 100-120 W/m².

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

4. Transplanting Seedlings into the Greenhouse and Rooting

Длительность этапа:10 дней

* Marking and forming beds. The beds are formed about 60-80 cm wide with rows spaced 45 to 55 cm apart for ease of maintenance and air circulation.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. The soil is drenched with a biocide solution 3-5 days before transplanting seedlings. Biological control agents include trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis preparations, and others that enrich beneficial soil microflora and block harmful pathogens.
* Transplanting seedlings. The transplanting of tomato seedlings into the greenhouse is conducted when the plants reach 45-50 days of age and have 8-10 true leaves. Planting density is 2.5 plants/m² in glazed, 3-3.5 plants/m² in film greenhouses. After planting, the plants are watered with warm water. For the first few days, the seedlings are protected from direct sunlight.
* Mulching. The optimal layer of mulch is 5–7 cm.
* Tying. 2-3 days after transplanting, the seedlings are tied to the trellis.
* Watering. Watering is carried out regularly, avoiding overhydration.
* Fertilization. After transplanting seedlings, watering with nutrient solution is carried out. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): ammonium nitrate 1.0 kg, magnesium nitrate 0.5 kg, monopotassium phosphate 1.5 kg and a complex of microelements.

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

5. Flowering, Fruit Set and Ripening

Длительность этапа:50 дней

* Watering. Watering is carried out regularly, avoiding overhydration.
* Fertilization. Along with watering 2-4 times a week. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.7-1.2 kg, potassium nitrate 0.4-0.6 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.1 kg, monopotassium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium sulfate 0.1-0.2 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3-0.6 kg, iron chelate 20 g, boric acid 10 g, manganese sulfate 5 g, zinc sulfate 5 g, ammonium molybdate 1 g.
* Plant formation. Plant shaping is carried out by removing suckers and tying the plants. The plant is formed into 1-2 stems. The tying of plants is done weekly, wrapping the tomato stem with twine, with one turn for every one and a half to two internodes. Tying is best done in the afternoon when the tops of the plants are less fragile than in the morning. Old and damaged leaves at the bottom of the plant should be removed to improve air circulation and reduce the risk of plant infection.
* Foliar feeding. Foliar feeding with magnesium sulfate (1.5–2 g/l). To prevent blossom end rot on fruits, foliar feedings with calcium nitrate (10-20 g/l of water) are used.
* Installing adhesive traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

6. Fruit Bearing

Длительность этапа:50 дней

* Watering. Watering is carried out regularly, avoiding overhydration.
* Fertilization. Along with watering 2-4 times a week. Example nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.7-1.0 kg, potassium nitrate 0.3-0.4 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.1 kg, monopotassium phosphate 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3-0.6 kg, iron chelate 20 g, boric acid 10 g, manganese sulfate 5 g, zinc sulfate 5 g, ammonium molybdate 1 g.
* Plant formation. Plant shaping is carried out by removing suckers and tying the plants. Old and damaged leaves at the bottom of the plant should be removed to improve air circulation and reduce the risk of plant infection.
* Picking fruits. Fruits are picked at breaker stage to improve conditions for the formation and ripening of the remaining fruits.

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.

7. Preparing the Greenhouse for a New Cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting heating and ventilation systems.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking the drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning the water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. Sterilization (steam treatment or chemical treatment) is carried out to destroy pathogens and pests.
* Applying liming materials. To increase pH, liming materials such as ground limestone (calcite), dolomite flour (especially if magnesium is needed), chalk, or hydrated lime are used. Main materials for soil acidification include elemental sulfur, ammonium sulfate, and iron sulfate.

8. Storage After Harvesting

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Tomatoes should be stored in a cool place with good ventilation. The optimal storage temperature is between +10°C and +13°C.

Перейдите и получите доступ к технологической карте выращивания и очень простой бесплатной ERP-системе для аграриев.