Технологическая карта выращивания cherry tomato red в почве

1. Sowing seeds for seedlings and sprouting

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Preparing sowing containers. Wash and disinfect sowing trays, boxes, or pots with drainage holes.
* Preparing the substrate. For growing seedlings, it's best to use ready-made soil mixes or compose a mixture yourself. Recommended ratio: 2 parts peat (preferably using top peat in the fraction of 6-15 mm), 1 part humus, and 1 part sand. A small amount of perlite or vermiculite can be added to improve the structure.
* Adding lime materials. To adjust acidity, it is recommended to add dolomitic flour 3–5 kg/m³ of soil or limestone flour at a rate of 2.5–4 kg/m³.
* Adding mineral fertilizers. To provide nutrients for seedlings at the initial stage, mineral fertilizers are applied. Approximately for 1 m³ of soil: ammonium nitrate 0.7-1.3 kg, double superphosphate 2.5-4.0 kg, potassium sulfate 1.0-1.5 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3 kg, manganese sulfate 2.5 g, copper sulfate 3 g, zinc sulfate 1 g, iron sulfate 15, iron citrate 2.5 g, ammonium molybdate 3 g, boric acid 2 g.
* Sowing seeds. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 0.5-1 cm. They are covered with a thin layer of light porous material (perlite, peat, vermiculite). After sowing, the substrate is moistened and placed in a germination chamber or covered with non-woven material.

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2. Reducing temperature after sprouting

Длительность этапа:5 дней

* Reducing temperature. After sprouting, the film is removed and the temperature is reduced for 3-5 days to ensure active root development and avoid pulling of seedlings.
* Supplementing light for seedlings. For the first 2-3 days, the plants are continuously illuminated, gradually decreasing this time to 18-16 hours per day. The lighting power is 240 W/m².

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3. Picking and caring for seedlings

Длительность этапа:40 дней

* Watering. Watering is carried out moderately, with intervals from 2 to 5 days. Watering should be stopped at least one day before transplanting seedlings to a permanent location.
* Picking. Picking is done 10-15 days after sowing when 1-2 true leaves appear on the seedlings. The plants are transplanted into pots with peat mix, simultaneously discarding weak plants. The optimal pot volume for seedlings is 0.5-1.0 l. After picking, the lighting power is 120-240 W/m².
* Adding fertilizers. After picking, adding fertilizers is recommended with each watering. An example of the nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 500-900 g, potassium monophosphate 200-400 g, potassium nitrate 200-600 g, magnesium nitrate 300-500 g, magnesium sulfate 200-400 g, chelated iron 15 g, boric acid 2 g, manganese sulfate 1.5 g, zinc sulfate 1 g.
* Arranging seedlings. After 18-20 days after picking, the seedlings are arranged. Cups are placed to provide the plants with enough light to avoid stretching. The planting density for 5-week-old seedlings is 20 plants/m², for 6-week-old - 16 plants/m². The lighting power is 100-120 W/m².

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4. Transplanting seedlings into the greenhouse and rooting

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Marking and forming beds. Beds are formed about 60–90 cm wide with row spacing of 50 to 70 cm for ease of maintenance and airflow.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. The soil is treated with a biofungicide solution 3–5 days before planting seedlings. Biological control agents include trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis preparations, and others that enrich beneficial soil microflora and block harmful pathogens.
* Planting seedlings. Planting of tomato seedlings in the greenhouse is carried out when the plants reach 35-45 days of age. The root system should be white and surround the entire pot; when removed, the substrate should not crumble. The temperature of the soil should be at least +16°C. The optimal planting density is 2.2-3.0 plants/m².
* Tying up. 2-3 days after planting, the seedlings are tied to the trellis.
* Watering. Watering should be done regularly to avoid over-watering.
* Plant formation. Indeterminate varieties should be formed into one stem. To do this, suckers are removed twice a week (suckering) when they reach 2-5 cm in length. Suckering is usually done in the morning, with suckers removed at their base. Twisting the tops of the plants is best done in the second half of the day when the plants lose turgor and the likelihood of breaking the plants decreases.
* Adding fertilizers. After transplanting seedlings, watering with nutrient solutions is performed. An example of the nutrient solution (per 1000 l): magnesium nitrate 0.5 kg, ammonium nitrate 1.0 kg, potassium monophosphate 1.5 kg and a complex of micronutrients.

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5. Blooming, fruit setting, and ripening

Длительность этапа:45 дней

* Watering. Watering is conducted regularly to avoid over-watering. In later stages, at the beginning of fruit swelling, moderate watering should be maintained to prevent the first ripening fruits from bursting; otherwise, they will need to be harvested individually for packaging.
* Adding fertilizers. Along with watering, 2-4 times a week. An example of the nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.7-1.2 kg, potassium nitrate 0.4-0.6 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.1 kg, potassium monophosphate 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium sulphate 0.1-0.2 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3-0.6 kg, chelated iron 20 g, boric acid 10 g, manganese sulfate 5 g, zinc sulfate 5 g, ammonium molybdate 1 g. Cherry tomatoes need nutrition with an increased level of potassium in the first month of vegetative growth to prevent possible excessive vegetation in the plants.
* Plant formation. Indeterminate cherry tomatoes are formed into one stem to direct the plant's energy towards fruit development rather than excessive branching. Suckers are removed every 7-10 days. Twisting the tops of the plants is best done in the second half of the day when the plants lose turgor and the likelihood of breaking the plants decreases. Tomatoes should be twisted at least 2 times a week.
* Foliar feeding. For cherry tomatoes, the risk of blossom end rot on the fruits is critical as it affects the ability to market fruits in the cluster. Therefore, non-root feeding is essential. For this, either traditional calcium nitrate (0.1-0.25%) or modern products can be used.
* Installing sticky traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Traps are replaced as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

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6. Fruit bearing

Длительность этапа:60 дней

* Watering. Watering must be uniform to prevent fruits from cracking.
* Adding fertilizers. Along with watering, 2-4 times a week. An example of the nutrient solution (per 1000 l): calcium nitrate 0.7-1.0 kg, potassium nitrate 0.3-0.4 kg, ammonium nitrate 0.1 kg, potassium monophosphate 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.3-0.6 kg, chelated iron 20 g, boric acid 10 g, manganese sulfate 5 g, zinc sulfate 5 g, ammonium molybdate 1 g.
* Pinching tops. Pinch the tops of the tomatoes 50-55 days before terminating the culture. The tops are pinched off, leaving one leaf above the upper flower cluster.
* Plant formation. Twice a week, suckers are removed, leaves are removed, and tops are twisted.
* Harvesting fruits. Depending on the goals and conditions of cultivation, cherry tomatoes can be harvested either individually or in clusters. If the fruits are firmly attached to the cluster, it is convenient to cut off the entire cluster, which is especially practical when harvesting for sale.

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7. Preparing the greenhouse for the new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfecting the greenhouse. Disinfecting surfaces of the greenhouse using safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drip lines and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drip lines, and hoses to prevent blockages and infections.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. Sterilization (steaming or chemical treatment) is carried out to destroy pathogens and pests.
* Adding lime materials. To raise pH, lime materials such as ground limestone (calcite), dolomitic flour (especially if magnesium is needed), chalk, or hydrated lime are used. The main materials for acidifying the soil include elemental sulfur, ammonium sulfate, and iron sulfate.

8. Post-harvest storage

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Immediately after harvesting, cherry tomatoes should be stored in a cool place, avoiding direct sunlight. They can be stored at temperatures of 10-12°C to prolong their freshness.

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