Технологическая карта выращивания strawberry в торфе

1. Preparation and planting of seedlings

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Preparation of the peat substrate. Use sod peat with a decomposition level of no more than 20-25%. The optimal fraction of peat is 10-40 mm. The optimal pH level for strawberries is 5.5-6. To increase pH, add dolomite flour or lime. For weakly acidic peat, apply 2-4 kg of dolomite flour per 1 m³. For more acidic peat, up to 6 kg per 1 m³.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Recommendations for application (per 1 m³ of peat): calcium ammonium nitrate at a rate of 0.4 kg, phosphorus in the form of mono-calcium phosphate at a rate of 0.4-0.6 kg, and potassium in the form of potassium sulfate at a rate of 0.5-0.8 kg or complex mineral fertilizer at a rate of 0.8-1.2 kg (for example, N:P:K 12:14:24).
* Substrate treatment with biofungicides. The substrate is moistened with a biofungicide solution to suppress pathogenic microflora. 3-4 days before planting, the peat substrate is treated with a preparation based on Trichoderma in recommended doses.
* Preparation of containers. The prepared peat is placed in small bags or containers (volume 3-5 liters per plant).
* Preparation of planting material. 1-2 days before planting, seedlings are removed from cold storage and stored at a temperature of 0-5 °C or soaked in water for 3-4 hours.
* Planting seedlings. After preparing seedlings, roots are trimmed to 10-12 cm, spread out, and planted in containers. When planting, the seedling is placed vertically, ensuring that the root tip does not twist and that the rosette is not buried.
* Application of biofungicides. To prevent root rot, apply preparations based on Bacillus subtilis under the root with drip irrigation after planting and subsequently every 25-30 days.
* Watering. Nutrient solution is supplied through drip irrigation.

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2. Rooting, flowering initiation and care for plants

Длительность этапа:55 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Plant formation. Early in cultivation, remove runners and the first flower stalks of non-bare-root varieties to encourage the plants to focus their energy on rooting and vegetative mass development.
* Pollination. To improve pollination, it is best to use bumblebees. It is important to maintain optimal temperature (not exceeding 25°C) and humidity (not higher than 70%), as deviations can disrupt the pollination process and deform the fruits.
* Biofungicide treatment. To prevent powdery mildew, gray mold, and spots, spray plants with preparations based on Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis once every 25-30 days.
* Foliar feeding. Spray boric acid at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% onto the leaves before flowering begins.
* Installation of adhesive traps. Use traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue. Change traps as needed (once every 5-8 weeks).

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3. Fruiting and care for plants

Длительность этапа:180 дней

* Watering. Watering starts 1.5-2 hours after sunrise and ends 1.5-2 hours before sunset. The electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution is 1.8-2 mS/cm, pH 5.5.
* Harvesting. Strawberries should be harvested daily, and during periods of higher temperatures and bright lighting, twice a day. When picking fruits, be sure to leave the calyx attached. Harvesting of non-bare-root varieties is done 3-4 times a season, depending on conditions and the strawberry variety. Berries are packed in special plastic or cardboard containers with ventilation holes for air circulation. The optimal storage temperature is 0-2 °C. At this temperature, metabolic processes in the berries slow down, helping to maintain freshness for 7-10 days.
* Plant formation. During cultivation, regularly remove old and large leaves. It is best to do this every 2 weeks, removing no more than 2 leaves from the plant.
* Pesticide treatments. Preventive treatments with fungicides (to combat powdery mildew, gray mold) and insecticides (to combat aphids, spider mites).

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4. Preparing the greenhouse for the next growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Remove all plant residues (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfect greenhouse surfaces with safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Wash and disinfect all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used during cultivation.
* Check and adjust the heating and ventilation system.
* Check and maintain the lighting system.
* Check drippers and irrigation systems. Clean water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.

5. Storage after harvesting

Длительность этапа:10 дней

The optimal storage temperature is 0-2 °C. At this temperature, metabolic processes in the berries slow down, helping to maintain freshness for 7-10 days.

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