Технологическая карта выращивания leaf cabbage в грунте

1. Sowing seeds for seedlings

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Preparation of sowing containers. Prepare sowing cassettes or boxes with drainage holes.
* Preparation of substrate. The substrate for seedlings should be light, moisture- and air-permeable, with neutral or slightly acidic reaction (pH 6.0–6.5). Approximate composition: peat (highland and lowland in a ratio of 2:1) for moisture retention and fluffiness, perlite or vermiculite for improving aeration (up to 20% of substrate volume), washed sand for improving drainage properties (10–15%), compost or manure for improving structure and providing organic matter (20–30%).
* Treatment of substrate with biofungicides. To suppress pathogenic microflora.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Complex fertilizer (e.g., NPK 15:15:15) is added at a rate of 2-3 g per liter of substrate.
* Soaking seeds. Seeds are soaked in water for 12-24 hours to accelerate germination.
* Sowing seeds for seedlings. The cassettes are filled with the substrate without compacting it, then depressions are made in the center of the cells and seeds are laid out by hand. Next, the cassettes are covered with substrate until the seeds and dividers between the cassettes are fully covered. Afterward, the sown cassettes are watered with fine spray until fully moistened. The sown cassettes are placed in a cool room or thermostat.

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2. Sprouting and care of seedlings

Длительность этапа:21 день

* Supplementing seedlings with light. For the first 2-3 days, plants are illuminated around the clock, then this time is reduced to 14-16 hours per day. The lighting power is 100-120 W/m².
* Watering. Watering is done on seedling tables by submerging the cassettes or sprinkling from above, in cases where the cassettes are located on the ground. Watering is performed until moisture permeates the cells through and through.
* Application of fertilizers. A week after the emergence of sprouts, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to increase green mass (e.g., calcium nitrate 1 g/l water).

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3. Transplanting to a permanent place and care for plants

Длительность этапа:35 дней

* Soil preparation. The soil in the greenhouse is thoroughly loosened and organic fertilizers (compost or manure) are applied at a rate of 4–6 kg/m². Mineral fertilizers are applied: diammonium phosphate 20-30 g/m², potassium sulfate 15-20 g/m² and ammonium nitrate 10-15 g/m². The soil’s pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5 with lime materials if necessary.
* Soil disinfection. The soil is treated with a biofungicide solution 3–5 days before planting seedlings. Biological agents of protection include Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, and others that enrich beneficial soil microflora and block harmful pathogens.
* Planting seedlings. When planting, seedlings are buried up to the first pair of true leaves, the soil is then watered again and mulched to retain moisture and protect against weeds. The distance between plants is 30-40 cm in a row, and between rows is 40-50 cm.
* Watering. Watering is carried out regularly, avoiding overmoistening. To prevent internal necrosis in hot weather, watering at night is recommended during the last week before harvesting the crop.
* Installation of adhesive traps. Traps with yellow, blue, and black surfaces coated with special entomological glue are used. Replacing traps is done as necessary (once every 5-8 weeks).
* Application of fertilizers. For foliar feeding, it is better to use calcium nitrate or another source of nitrate nitrogen. The application of ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers during foliar feeding may cause leaf burn. During the active growth phase, complex fertilizers are applied (e.g., NPK 20:20:20 at a rate of 15-20 g/m²). Before the formation of rosettes, potassium nitrate (15 g/m²) or monopotassium phosphate (10-15 g/m²) is applied.

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4. Harvesting

Длительность этапа:45 дней

* Harvesting. Harvesting of cabbage begins when heads or leaves become firm and reach the size characteristic of the variety. Cutting heads is done with a sharp knife, leaving several outer leaves on the plant for head protection. When harvesting leaf cabbage, only part of the leaves is collected, which promotes the growth of new leaves and, consequently, a higher yield. Harvesting is preferably done in dry weather to avoid rotting.
* Watering. Watering is regularly carried out, avoiding overmoistening. To prevent internal necrosis in hot weather, watering at night is recommended during the last week before crop harvesting.

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5. Preparation of the greenhouse for a new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Removal of all plant debris (leaves, stems, roots) to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfection of greenhouse surfaces using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfection of equipment. Washing and disinfecting all tools, shelves, containers, and tools used in growing.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation systems.
* Checking and servicing the lighting system.
* Checking drippers and irrigation systems. Cleaning water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogging and infections.
* Preparation and disinfection of the soil. Sterilization (steaming or chemical treatment) is performed to destroy pathogens and pests.

6. Storage after harvest

Длительность этапа:14 дней

Bunches of leaves can be kept in plastic bags in the refrigerator at a temperature of 1-3°C for 2-3 weeks at a relative humidity of 95%.

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