Технологическая карта выращивания albion strawberry в грунте

1. Preparation and planting of seedlings

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Main soil preparation. 2-3 weeks before planting, plow to a depth of 25-30 cm. The soil for growing strawberries should be loose and breathable. It is important to avoid heavy clay soils that poorly allow water and air to pass, and prone to waterlogging.
* Application of organic fertilizers. The addition of organic materials (compost, aged manure) improves soil structure, increases its moisture capacity, and enriches it with nutrients. The application rate is 6-10 kg of compost or aged manure per 1 m².
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers are usually provided in the form of ammonium nitrate at a rate of 40-50 g/m². It is important not to exceed the nitrogen dose to avoid excessive green growth at the expense of yield. Ammophos or diammonium phosphate is applied at a rate of 50-60 g/m². Phosphorus is poorly mobile in the soil, so it should be applied locally, closer to the root zone. To replenish potassium in the soil, potassium sulfate is used at a rate of 60-70 g/m² since potassium chloride can be toxic to strawberries. If the analysis showed that the soil pH is below 5.5 (increased acidity), liming should be carried out. It is advisable to lime several months before planting so that the neutralization process is completed. After applying fertilizers, the soil is loosened to a depth of 10-15 cm.
* Marking and forming beds. Width 55-60 cm, height 25-30 cm. Width of the row spacing 55-70 cm.
* Covering the beds with protective material. Black mulching film is used for covering.
* Installation of drip tape. Two rows of drip tape are laid in the center with a distance of approximately 16 cm and a step of 10 cm.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. The soil is treated with a solution of biofungicide 3-5 days before planting seedlings. Biological control agents include Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis preparations, and others that enrich beneficial soil microflora and block harmful pathogens.
* Preparing planting material. 1-2 days before planting, seedlings are removed from cold storage and kept at a temperature of 0-5 °C or soaked in water for 3-4 hours.
* Planting seedlings. After preparing seedlings, roots are trimmed to 10-12 cm, spread out, and planted in beds. The most common planting method is bilateral planting in a checkerboard pattern with a distance between plants of 20-30 cm. When planting, the seedling is placed vertically, ensuring that the root tip does not twist and that the rosette is not buried.

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2. Rooting

Длительность этапа:7 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Application of biofungicides. To prevent root rot, apply preparations based on Bacillus subtilis under the root with drip irrigation after planting and subsequently every 25-30 days.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. 7 days after planting, apply a solution of monoammonium phosphate at a rate of 1.0-1.5 kg/m³, and after 10 days and subsequently once a week apply calcium ammonium nitrate at a rate of 1.5-2 kg/m³.
* Plant formation. Early in cultivation, remove runners and the first flower stalks to encourage the plants to focus their energy on rooting and vegetative mass development.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatments. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.

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3. Vegetative growth

Длительность этапа:20 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Apply calcium nitrate at a rate of 1.5-2 kg/m³ together with watering (once a week), and magnesium sulfate every 2-3 weeks at a rate of 1-2 kg/m³.
* Biofungicide treatment. To prevent powdery mildew, gray mold, and spots, spray plants with preparations based on Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis once every 25-30 days.
* Plant formation. Remove runners and damaged leaves.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatments. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.
* Foliar feeding. Spray boric acid at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% onto the leaves before flowering begins.

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4. Flowering

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Pollination. To improve pollination, it is best to use bumblebees. It is important to maintain optimal temperature (not exceeding 25°C) and humidity (not higher than 70%), as deviations can disrupt the pollination process and deform the fruits.
* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Apply potassium nitrate at a rate of 2-3 kg/m³ together with watering (once a week).
* Plant formation. Remove runners, old and damaged leaves.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatments. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.
* Foliar feeding. Spray boric acid at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% onto the leaves before flowering begins.

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5. Fruiting and harvesting

Длительность этапа:120 дней

* Watering. The solution is supplied through drip irrigation.
* Harvesting. Harvesting occurs in the morning after the dew has dried, when the air temperature has not yet reached peak values. Popular containers include baskets or special small boxes with ventilation holes. Albion strawberry produces fruit in several stages – a total of 4 harvests can be made during the season. The interval between waves of fruiting is 2-3 weeks.
* Application of mineral fertilizers. Apply potassium sulfate at a rate of 2-3 kg/m³ together with watering (once a week). During the flowering period (once a week), apply potassium nitrate at a rate of 2-3 kg/m³.
* Foliar feeding. Spray boric acid at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% onto the leaves before flowering begins.
* Plant formation. Remove runners, old and damaged leaves.
* Monitoring and pesticide treatments. A combination of chemical and biological protection methods reduces pest and pathogen resistance.

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6. Preparation for the new growing cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning the greenhouse. Remove all plant residues to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection of the greenhouse. Disinfect greenhouse surfaces with safe disinfecting solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Wash and disinfect all tools, shelves, containers, and instruments used during cultivation.
* Check and adjust the heating and ventilation system.
* Check and maintain the lighting system.
* Check drippers and irrigation systems. Clean water supply systems, drippers, and hoses to prevent clogs and infections.
* Preparing and disinfecting the soil. Sterilization (steam treatment or chemical processing) is carried out to destroy pathogens and pests.
* Application of lime materials. To increase pH, lime materials such as ground limestone (calcite), dolomite flour, chalk, or hydrated lime are used. The main materials for soil acidification include elemental sulfur, ammonium sulfate, and iron sulfate.

7. Storage after harvesting

Длительность этапа:10 дней

The optimal storage temperature is 0-2 °C. At this temperature, metabolic processes in the berries slow down, helping to maintain freshness for 7-10 days.

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