Технологическая карта выращивания oyster mushroom в торфе

1. Substrate Preparation and Mycelium Sowing

Длительность этапа:3 дня

* Substrate Preparation. Mushrooms can be grown on any plant substrates containing cellulose, as long as the substrate is crushed and sterilized. One of the most popular substrates is straw with the addition of sawdust, husks, and other agricultural waste. Substrate preparation includes crushing, soaking, and sterilization. After that, the substrate is ready for inoculation.
* Mycelium Sowing. The substrate is filled into perforated polyethylene bags for block formation. Inoculation of the substrate is performed either at the stage of filling the bags or after the blocks are formed. Mycelium is added only to cooled substrate at a temperature of 20-22°C.

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2. Incubation Period

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Microclimate Control. During the incubation period, it is important to ensure uniform temperature distribution and prevent fluctuations. Humidity is maintained at the level required for mushroom growth, while avoiding excess moisture, which can lead to the development of pathogens. Mycelium must grow in complete darkness or in weak diffuse light. Bright light reduces yield. High CO2 concentration during this period does not negatively impact mycelium growth. Room ventilation is only necessary in case of increasing substrate temperature.

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3. Formation of Fruit Bodies

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Transfer. After the substrate is covered with white mycelium and penetrates inside the bag, it should be transferred to fruiting rooms. At this stage, it is important to lower the temperature and ensure intense ventilation to simulate the natural climate that stimulates the emergence of fruit bodies.
* Watering. After 2-4 days, begin to water the substrate at least twice a day.
* CO2 Control. The room must have a supply and exhaust ventilation system equipped with filters, as air composition is very important during the fruiting stage. It is necessary to control the CO2 content because accumulation of carbon dioxide can lead to the growth of distorted mushrooms.

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4. Harvesting

Длительность этапа:25 дней

* Harvesting. Harvesting of oyster mushrooms is done carefully to avoid damaging the mycelium and ensuring the possibility of re-harvest. Mushrooms are cut with a sharp knife at the base. It is important not to allow mushrooms to overgrow, as this reduces their quality. The first wave of fruiting lasts 3-4 days and accounts for approximately 70-80% of the harvest, the second wave usually appears after 7-14 days.
* Watering. Each day, blocks are watered without allowing the substrate to dry out.

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5. Preparing the Room for the New Cycle

Длительность этапа:14 дней

* Cleaning. Removal of all organic residues to prevent the spread of diseases.
* Disinfection. Disinfection of all surfaces using safe disinfectant solutions aimed at destroying pathogens and pests.
* Cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Rinse and disinfect all inventory, racks, containers, and tools used in cultivation.
* Checking and adjusting the heating and ventilation system.